Speaker
Description
Supernovae realize extreme environments of high temperature and high density, serving as useful astrophysical laboratories for probing feebly interacting new particles such as axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work (arXiv:2604.17840 [astro-ph.HE]), we investigate how rotation modifies the constraints on MeV-scale ALPs coupled to photons derived from SN 1987A. We constrain the ALP parameter space based on both the energy-loss argument and the gamma-ray limits. Adopting initial angular velocities of $\Omega_0 = 0.0$ and $1.0~\mathrm{rad\,s^{-1}}$ in the iron core, we carry out two-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulations for three progenitor models --- a $14 + 9\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ binary system and $13\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and $18\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ single stars with solar metallicity --- and estimate ALP emission rates through post-processing. We find that rotation suppresses ALP emission by reducing the core temperature via centrifugal support. The neutrino luminosity is similarly reduced by rotation; however, the suppression of ALP emission is more pronounced, resulting in relaxed constraints under a simplified criterion based on the energy-loss argument. This effect is particularly significant in the rotating $18\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ model, where a substantial decrease in the central temperature occurs at post-bounce time $t_{\mathrm{pb}} = 0.8$-$1~\mathrm{s}$. For this simplified criterion, such rapid temporal variations indicate that the resulting constraints depend sensitively on both the evaluation time and the underlying supernova model. In this talk, we also discuss the impact of ALP energy transport on the thermodynamic evolution of the SN ejecta and its effects on nucleosynthesis.
| Category | Theory |
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